2017年西藏米林M_S6.9地震发震构造初探          下载免费PDF全文

王林  田勤俭  李文巧  赵妍  徐岳仁 《地球物理学报》2019,62(7):2549-2566

2017年11月18日在西藏米林发生了M_S6.9地震，目前尚未发现地表破裂带，发震构造尚不明确.震源机制解表明该次地震为逆冲型地震.精定位结果显示余震集中在加拉白垒东北坡上一个NW走向的长约36 km、宽约8 km的狭长条带之内.余震条带的走向及长度严格受到派乡构造岩片NE边界走向及长度的控制，垂直于该条带的地震剖面清晰地揭示出一条倾向NE的低倾角逆冲断层面，结合震源机制解及GPS同震位移场的已有结果，初步推断它可能就是发震断层面.雅鲁藏布江大拐弯上游加拉-米林河段两岸的湖相基座阶地面和山脊线在南迦巴瓦、加拉白垒脚下都发生了倾向SW的翘起变形，发震断层面构成了其上盘加拉白垒、南迦巴瓦强烈隆升区与其下盘地貌发生翘起变形的弱隆升区的分界面，推断加拉白垒峰沿着这一断层面不断地逆冲、隆升，以此来调节其两侧的不均匀挤出，而下盘近断层处的褶皱、拖曳等作用逐渐造成了阶地面、山脊线的翘起、弯曲变形.基于夷平面的区域变形分析，认为雅江缝合带作为主干断裂带从整体上控制着印度板块与欧亚板块在东构造结地区的碰撞-挤压格局.印度板块东北犄角的强烈顶撞引起了东构造结附近强烈的断块运动，嘉黎断裂带北侧的地壳显著增厚，主夷平面随之发生裂解.与此同时，由于碰撞带来的强烈挤压，派乡构造岩片、多雄拉变质穹隆沿着缝合带大拐弯内侧不均匀地挤出，南迦巴瓦、加拉白垒随之隆升.此次的米林地震仅仅是该不均匀挤出过程所引发的一次具体的事件，是派乡构造岩片内部的一条次级断层发生的一次逆冲运动造成的.此外，紧邻此次余震条带的南迦巴瓦NEE边界以及SE边界是一个潜在的地震空区，其未来地震危险性值得关注.  相似文献   

Formulation of risk-targeted seismic action for the force-based seismic design of structures     

Jure Žižmond  Matjaž Dolšek 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(12):1406-1428

A risk-targeted design spectral acceleration and the corresponding seismic design action for the force-based design of structures is introduced by means of two formulations. The first one called direct formulation utilizes the seismic hazard function at the site of the structure. Because the seismic action defined in the codes is often associated with a designated return period, an indirect formulation is also introduced. It incorporates a risk-targeted safety factor that can be used to define a risk-targeted reduction factor. It is shown that the proposed formulations give analogical results and provide an insight into the concept of the reduction of seismic forces for the force-based seismic design of structures if the objective is defined by a target collapse risk. The introduced closed-form solution for the risk-targeted reduction factor can be used to investigate how the target collapse risk, the seismic hazard parameters, the randomness of the seismic action, and the conventional parameters (ie, the overstrength factor and the deformation and energy dissipation capacity) affect the seismic design forces in the case of force-based design. However, collaborative research is needed in order to develop appropriate models of these parameters. In the second part of the paper, the proposed formulations are demonstrated by estimating the risk-targeted seismic design action for a six-storey reinforced concrete building. By verifying the collapse risk of the designed structure, it is demonstrated that the risk-targeted seismic action, in conjunction with a conventional force-based design, provided structure with acceptable performance when measured in terms of collapse risk.  相似文献   

Numerical artifacts associated with Rayleigh and modal damping models of inelastic structures with massless coordinates     

J. Enrique Luco  Armando Lanzi 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(13):1491-1507

The paper presents a detailed reexamination of the effects of three damping models on the inelastic seismic response of structures with massless degrees of freedom. The models considered correspond to (a) Rayleigh damping based on current properties (tangent stiffness), (b) Rayleigh damping based on initial properties, and (c) modal damping. The results suggest that some nonzero damping forces/moments at massless DOFs obtained in multistory frames for the case of Rayleigh damping with tangent stiffness may be numerical artifacts rather than a deficiency of the damping model. The results also indicate that significant artificial numerical oscillations in the velocities of the secondary components of MDOF structures are introduced when modal damping or mass-proportional damping is used.  相似文献   

Factors structuring phytoplankton community in a large tropical river: Case study in the Red River (Vietnam)     

《Limnologica》2019

Algal assemblages have been widely used as an ecological indicator of aquatic ecosystem health conditions because of their specific sensitivity to a wide variety of environmental conditions. In turbid rivers, as in other aquatic systems, phytoplankton structure plays an important role in structuring aquatic food webs. Worldwide, phytoplankton is less studied in turbid, large tropical rivers compared to temperate river systems. The present study aimed to describe the phytoplankton diversity and abundance in a turbid tropical river (the Red River, northern part of Vietnam from 20°00 to 25°30 North; from 100°00 to 107°10 East) and to determine the importance of a series of environmental variables in controlling the phytoplankton community composition. Phytoplankton community was composed of 169 phytoplankton taxa from six algal groups including Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Dinophyceae and Cyanobacteria. Community composition varied both spatially and with season. Sixteen measurement environmental variables were used as input variables for a three-layer backpropagation neural network that was developed to predict the phytoplankton abundance. Phytoplankton abundance was successfully predicted using the tagsig transfer function and the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm. The network was trained to provide a good overall linear fit to the total data set with a slope (R) and mean square error (MSE) of 0.808 and 0.0107, respectively. The sensitivity analysis and neutral interpretation diagram revealed that total phosphorus (TP), flow discharge, water temperature and P-PO₄³⁻ were the significant variables. The results showed that the developed ANN model was able to simulate phytoplankton abundance in the Red River. These findings can help for gaining insight into and the relationship between phytoplankton and environmental factors in this complex, turbid, tropical river.  相似文献   

临震前地壳变形不动点现象与机制研究     

牛安福  张凌空  章静  李媛  赵静  闫伟  岳冲  苑争一 《大地测量与地球动力学》2020,40(1):1-6

在综合分析国内外地形变前兆研究现状的基础上,结合汶川8.0级地震前GPS、应变、重力等研究结果,提出临震前震源区域可能出现变形不动点现象。地壳变形过程中的不动点现象是临震前区域应力场进入临界状态的重要标志,是地震潜在危险区域划定的重要依据。借助不动点理论,给出汶川地震前变形不动点集合的演化,结合大区域地震活动空区与远场显著形变异常分布,探讨变形不动点现象发生的动力学背景,验证了汶川地震前地壳变形的不动点现象是大区域应力场有序运动的结果。  相似文献   

2020年1月19日新疆伽师MS6.4地震序列特征及后续趋势分析     

向元  聂晓红  李金  刘建明 《内陆地震》2020,(1):20-29

介绍2020年1月18日新疆伽师M S5.4和1月19日M S6.4两次地震的基本参数、震源机制解、精定位等资料,分析伽师M S6.4地震序列类型、序列衰减特征和余震序列各项数字地震学资料,并就该序列与历史地震序列进行对比,提出震后趋势判定意见。分析认为,该序列为前—主—余型,余震序列衰减较为迅速。  相似文献   

乌兰浩特地震台典型地震事件震相特征分析     

包宝小  贾宝金  刘芳  席文雅  杨志霞 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,(1):33-39

选取乌兰浩特地震台记录到的典型天然地震事件及爆破事件,根据断裂带分布及波形记录特征,分析地震及爆破事件的震相特征.结果表明,研究区域近震波形Pn、Pg、Sn、Sg震相及Sm面波较清晰,Pg、Sg波走时差一般不大于23 s,与中国地震台网中心发布的MS震级间的偏差一般小于0.6级;远震P、S、pP、sP震相可较清晰识别,Pm、L面波记录较明显,P、S波走时差一般不小于25 s,震级偏差一般小于0.4级,且通过震相特征及实地考察发现,爆破多为霍林郭勒区域爆破事件.  相似文献   

红水河梯级水电站水库地震监测台网的建设与发展     

牟剑英  谢夜玉  龙宗志  郭培兰 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(5):128-140

水库地震监测是我国地震监测的重要组成部分。文中阐述了红水河梯级水电站水库地震监测台网的建设发展历程，详细介绍了天生桥一级、龙滩、岩滩、大化及大藤峡水库专用地震监测台网的建设和发展，并对比分析了库区蓄水前后的地震活动记录，讨论了水库地震监测台网面临的升级改造及运行管理等问题，建议采用流域化统一管理。  相似文献   

THE APPLICATION OF MINIATURE UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE IN 25 NOVEMBER 2016 ARKETAO M_W6.6 EARTHQUAKE     

FU Bo  LI Zhi-qiang  CHEN Jie  FAN Xi-wei  LI Xiao-li  LI Tao  YAO Yuan  LIU Yao-hui 《地震地质》2018,40(3):672-684

In order to complete the field investigation to the 25 November 2016 Arketao M_W6.6 earthquake, ultra-low altitude remote-sensing data were obtained from miniature unmanned aerial vehicle. The surface rupture surveying has important significance for earthquake research. This paper selects the macro-epicenter of Arketao as the study area. The pictures were obtained with DJI Phantom 3 professional input into the software, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) were acquired based on photogrammetry method using the overlapped optical remote-sensing images of UAV. Using these data, we can identify surface ruptures that have vertical dislocation. We selected six feature points and drew the elevation profile. In the elevation profile map, we chose smooth part of the surface rupture sides and obtained the trend line. A stable point in the surface rupture was selected and the abscissa of the point was taken into the equation of two straight lines. Then subtracting the results of the two equations, we can get the vertical dislocation of the surface rupture. On this basis, we chose six feature points and determined their vertical dislocation, which are between 4.4cm and 10.4cm. What's more, taking Bulungkou Xiang in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for example, we speculated some surface ruptures that have vertical dislocation. It can provide a new method for identifying surface rupture in the field. In addition, we get DEM data of the Bulunkou area where ambient conditions are very poor, by using miniature unmanned aerial vehicle and taking 255 photos. Putting those photos into the EasyUAV software, we got the area digital elevation of 2cm resolution. Comparing these data with RTK data, we summarized some practical problems and solutions in the practical operation and evaluated the accuracy of miniature unmanned aerial vehicle data. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient is 0.996 6. In terms of absolute elevation, the average result of UAV and RTK differs by 156.96m. In terms of relative elevation, the average result of UAV and RTK differs by 9.74m. Compared with the previous test of Pishan County, there is a notable divergence in the results. It shows that the data accuracy will be affected to some extent in the cold weather in high elevations. The specific impact needs further exploration.  相似文献   

USE OF SEISMIC WAVEFORMS AND INSAR DATA FOR DETERMINATION OF THE SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE MAINLING M_S6.9 EARTHQUAKE ON NOV.18, 2017     

LIU Yun-hua  SHAN Xin-jian  ZHANG Ying-feng  ZHAO De-zheng  QU Chun-yan 《地震地质》2018,40(6):1254-1275

On November 18, 2017, a M_S6.9 earthquake struck Mainling County, Tibet, with a depth of 10km. The earthquake occurred at the eastern Himalaya syntaxis. The Namche Barwan moved northward relative to the Himalayan terrane and was subducted deeply beneath the Lhasa terrane, forming the eastern syntaxis after the collision of the Indian plate and Asian plates. Firstly, this paper uses the far and near field broadband seismic waveform for joint inversion (CAPJoint method)of the earthquake focal mechanism. Two groups of nodal planes are obtained after 1000 times Bootstrap test. The strike, dip and rake of the best solution are calculated to be 302°, 76° and 84° (the nodal plane Ⅰ)and 138°, 27° and 104° (the nodal plane Ⅱ), respectively. This event was captured by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)measurements from the Sentinel-1A radar satellite, which provide the opportunity to determine the fault plane, as well as the co-seismic slip distribution, and assess the seismic hazards. The overall trend of the deformation field revealed by InSAR is consistent with the GPS displacement field released by the Gan Wei-Jun's team. Geodesy (InSAR and GPS)observation of the earthquake deformation field shows the northeastern side of the epicenter uplifting and the southwestern side sinking. According to geodetic measurements and the thrust characteristics of fault deformation field, we speculate that the nodal plane Ⅰ is the true rupture plane. Secondly, based on the focal mechanism, we use InSAR data as the constraint to invert for the fine slip distribution on the fault plane. Our best model suggests that the seismogenic fault is a NW-SE striking thrust fault with a high angle. Combined with the slip distribution and aftershocks, we suggest that the earthquake is a high-angle thrust event, which is caused by the NE-dipping thrust beneath the Namche Barwa syntaxis subducted deeply beneath the Lhasa terrane.  相似文献